Its produced by the body and plays a crucial role in protecting cells from oxidative stress the same process that causes aging, inflammation, and tissue damage
Frassetto 1996)
This can trigger palpitations, dizziness, and anxiety
Some describe feeling: Warmth in the face or chest A brief increase in energy or alertness Mild tingling A temporary metallic taste Mild pressure or cramping sensation These sensations are usually short-lived and are thought to reflect the rapid cellular and metabolic activity triggered by NAD as it supports mitochondrial function and cellular energy production
Since the liver is a major metabolic organ, liver disease is associated with metabolic diseases, such as obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and cardiovascular disease
As for safety, tolerable upper intake levels (known as ULs) are set for vitamins and minerals when evidence is sufficient