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Constipation: Occurs in about 24% of patients

Moreover, GLP-1RAs have been shown to exert many beneficial effects on vascular endothelial cells

Elevated blood pressure and increased heart rate can also occur, especially in the first three months

Traditional GLP-1 therapies mainly focus on: appetite suppression, slower digestion, and insulin regulation

Sitagliptin works by inhibiting the DPP-4 enzyme that destroys glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) hormones, allowing both to function more effectively

(Exenatide is FDA approved as monotherapy for the management of T2DM.) Explicitly stated in the guideline for patients requiring dual or triple therapy, the AACE/ACE preferentially recommends the addition of a GLP-1 receptor agonist or a DPP-4 inhibitor (sitagliptin, saxagliptin), citing their efficacy and safety profiles as preferred agents over TZDs or sulfonylureas (SUs)