In further developing heart failure, the inflammatory cascade is followed by progressive pro-fibrotic remodeling and stiffening of cardiac tissue are mainly related by the activation of cardiac fibroblasts, which exhibit excessive ECM synthesis, enhanced migration, and proliferation [6, 52]
Both GLP-1 medications and bariatric surgery come with potential side effects and risks, but the nature of those side effects is very different between the two approaches
Meanwhile, GLP-1 has neuro- and cardioprotective effects, such as inhibiting apoptosis (32) and inflammation (33), and has an impact on memory and learning (34, 35), palatability and reward behavior (36)
These effects are mediated primarily via activation of the vagal nerve, as pretreatment with atropine or bilateral cervical vagotomy abolishes ghrelin-induced gastric motility and acid secretion in rats [114, 115]
(2023): Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in obesity without diabetes (SELECT)
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